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SOLVED: a. - Type (8 bits)- Code (8 bits)- Checksum (16 bits)- Rest of header (32 bits)- Total size of ICMP header is 64 bitsb. - The last hop is the final network device that a packet passes through before reaching its destination.- It is determined using the TTL (Time to Live) field in the IP header.c. - Physical- Data Link- Network- Transport- Session- Presentation- Applicationd. - The Network layer uses the IP address.- The Data Link layer uses the MAC address.

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