Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil Faculty of Chemical ...

Abstract: The weak bilevel programming problem is characterized by the decision-making process that the follower has nonunique solutions and reacts to the leader by providing the worst one. We are ...

Nonlinear systems and networks theory is a branch of automatic control theory. It takes systems and networks described by nonlinear differential equations or difference equations as its research ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Gain a stronger edge over competitors by using loyalty programs that keep customers coming back and boost your sales. Follow proven steps like point systems and tiered rewards to design a loyalty ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. There is a need for design strategies that can support rapid and widespread deployment ...

I’m not a programmer. But I’ve been creating my own software tools with help from artificial intelligence. Credit...Photo Illustration by Ben Denzer; Source Photographs by Sue Bernstein and Paul ...

CasADi is a symbolic framework for numeric optimization implementing automatic differentiation in forward and reverse modes on sparse matrix-valued computational graphs. It supports self-contained ...