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Abstract: The modeling of spectral characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LED) has been addressed in various studies. We extend the current state of knowledge by modeling the spectral ...

Abstract: This paper presents a Smart Trolley with an Automatic Billing System using RFID technology to enhance the retail shopping experience. The focus is on automating the checkout process, ...

A VLC system consisting of a transmitter and a receiver was constructed, and a serializer/deserializer using 8B13B coding was implemented on an FPGA. The data modulated onto the LED light were ...