By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

This important study introduces a new biology-informed strategy for deep learning models aiming to predict mutational effects in antibody sequences. It provides solid evidence that separating ...

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Bayesian statistics remain popular for addressing inverse problems, whereby quantities of interest are determined from their noisy and indirect observations. Bayes’ theorem forms the foundation of ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Writes about the future of finance and technology, follow for more. Joint probability teaches us to calculate combined outcomes.

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When is it appropriate to completely reinvent the wheel? To an outsider, that seems to happen a lot in category theory, and probability theory isn’t spared from this treatment. We’ve had a useful ...

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