Tsukuba, Japan—In eukaryotes, genomic DNA, which is a very long double helix containing all the genetic information, wraps around a globular protein called a histone and folds it many times before ...
Post-translational modifications (PTMs)—the chemical changes that proteins undergo following biosynthesis—account for most protein forms, or proteoforms. Indeed, according to conservative estimates, ...
One of the first things that students learn when they enter a biology class is the central dogma: DNA → messenger RNA → proteins. Only about 3% of the human genome directly codes for proteins, which ...